Cystitis

Cystitis is an inflammatory process that affects the inner lining of the bladder.In the early stages, it mainly affects the mucosa and can spread to the muscle layer of the organ in severe cases.

According to statistics, nearly 35% of people (mainly women) face this pathology at the age of 20-40, accounting for up to 67% of all urological diseases.

Important! However, due to anatomical characteristics, inflammation of the bladder is a characteristic of both genders, and in women it occurs 6-8 times more frequently.The wider, straight and short urethra allow easy access to various genital infections.As age increases, the difference in frequency of occurrence in men and women is smoothed as the number of cases of older men and associated secondary cystitis increases.

The diagnosis and treatment of pathology are involved in urologists.Women usually have to resort to the help of their gynecologists.

Cystitis: The form and type of pathology

Depending on the presence of internal inflammation, there are two types of cystitis:

• Mainly - Developed as an independent inflammation of the previously healthy bladder wall; often found in women;
• Secondary - Caused by inflammation of other urea or adjacent tissues and organs (e.g., male prostatitis).

According to the nature of the disease process, they distinguish:

• Acute shape;
• Chronic Forms - Mixed symptoms without pain and burning are characteristics.

Within coverage, the disease may be:

• Total or general;
• Focus - For example, the shape of the cervix is damaged to the neck of the bladder;
• Lesion with ureteral triangle riegotes (Trigonite).

notes!The focus of inflammation can cover the entire urine system – in which case cystitis is the first clinical manifestation of renal disease or pyelonephritis.

Given the observed changes in the lesion area, the distinction is made:

• CATARRHAL - Classic acute inflammatory process that damages only mucus tissue; it is accompanied by severe congestion, swelling and release of serous exudate (slurry form); in neglected, it can become a purulent form (with prose release);
• Blood Floating - A special type of suppurative inflammation, purulent damage to the submucosal overflow;
• Granular - accompanied by a large amount of rash on the organ mucosa;
• Bleeding - an inflammatory process, accompanied by the release of blood in the urine;
• gap - involvement of deep muscles;
• ulcer - a characteristic ulcer forming with the inner wall mucosa;
• Illustrations - Long-term non-ulcers are covered with salt;
• Cystic - The formation of cysts on mucosal mucosal organs;
• Gangrene - Murder with fabric.

For reasons, all kinds of cases are divided into 2 large-scale infectious and non-infectious cystitis.

Infectious formsThey develop under the influence of various genital and general infections.distinguish:

• Specific pathology - Pathogens (mainly bacteria) - Chlamydia, gonococcal, etc.;
• Nonspecific pathology - The source of the disease is a representative of the conditionally pathogenic bacteria

notes!In rare cases, cystitis may occur due to kidney infection.The disease is accompanied by obvious clinical conditions.

Non-infectious cystitis- Developed due to non-biological damage to the mucosal cavity of the organ.There are several types of pathological effects:

• Radial - Negative effects on radiation therapy or radio exposure tissue;
• Allergic or autoimmune - The body's pathological response to allergens (mainly personal hygiene products) or antigens in its own tissues;
• Traumatic - chopped or cut wounds, damage to walls, catheters, foreign objects;
• Parasites - under the influence of toxic parasites, especially blood clots (types of flat worms); risk areas mainly include travelers in the Middle East and Central Asia;
• Heat - burns when washing with too hot solution;
• When exposed to chemically toxic substances of aggressive substances: drugs, concentrated metabolites, toxic substances, etc.;

How cystitis occurs: pathological causes

Most cystitis are infectious.In this case, the cause can become a conditional pathogenic bacteria-E.Escherichia coli, streptococci, Staphylococcus, Enterococcus and urogenital infections - frequent representatives of Megacocci, caterpillars, etc.

However, microbial aggression is not the main cause of the disease.For successful results, the body should be weakened by adverse external and internal factors.These include:

• Chronic infections in other body systems - feverish dental damage, intestinal diseases, various forms of acute respiratory virus infection, gynecological inflammation and venereal diseases;
• Vitamin disease and secondary toxin disease in the context of an unbalanced diet;
• Regular physical, nervous, overworked, insomnia and lack of nighttime sleep;
• Strong psychological and emotional pressure;
• Overall weakening of the immune system, including prolonged use of immunosuppressants;
• The effect of the body’s hypothermia, sudden temperature changes – for women, sometimes enough to sit on a cold surface to start the inflammatory process of the pelvic organs, including the bladder;
• High sexual activity (non-traditional and unprotected sexual behaviors are particularly dangerous);
• Pelvic organs - Stagnation in residents' works and sedentary lifestyles, frequent constipation, incomplete emptying due to stenosis of the urethra or the narrowing of the bladder tumor, and a mediocre habit that "lasts until the end";
• Poor or improper hygiene - In 90% of cases, the pathogen of cystitis is E. coli, which enters the bladder from the rectum.
• Wear synthetic linen, especially narrow pelvic organs;
• abnormal development of urinary organs;
• Injury and surgical intervention on pelvic organs;
• Acute and fatty foods.

In addition, the causes of the disease should be mentioned as endocrine disorders (diabetes, taking hormonal medications) and general fluctuations in the hormonal context.When cystitis worsens menstruation, pregnancy or menopause, the latter cause is a feature of the female body.

Symptoms of the disease

The first symptom of cystitis is urination and discomfort in the lower abdomen.Otherwise, it depends entirely on the form of the disease and its cause. 

A general list of possible characteristics:

• Urinating frequently is sometimes wrong;
• Urine has a muddy color, blood impurities (hematuria) and pus are possible.
• Pain in the lower abdomen (can be given to the lower back);
• carve and burn during urination;
• The constant feeling of fullness in the bladder;
• Urine can get an unpleasant odor;
• Genetics daily or at night;
• Improve body temperature and common weaknesses.

In very few acute forms, chills, nausea, vomiting are possible.

Important! The disease is not characterized by temperatures above 37.5 degrees.If the metric is too much, it is necessary to check the entire urine system - perhaps the inflammatory process has reached the kidneys.

In women, pathology is usually performed in an acute form and is accompanied by a classic set of symptoms.

Men are characterized by chronic diseases with lubricating symptoms, usually accompanied by signs of sexual spheroids accompanied by sexual disease (e.g., Ballasitis or urethritis).

diagnosis

The obvious symptoms of this disease allow you to make a primary diagnosis after talking to the patient and palpation.Other tools and laboratory methods make it possible to establish the type and form of the disease, identify the pathogen (with infectious lesions) and prescribe the most effective therapeutic complex.

Tool Diagnosis:

• Echoscopy (ultrasound) - Determine the extent of the inflammatory process so that the status of the urine and sexual system can be assessed simultaneously;
• Endoscopy (cystoscopy) - Use the cystoscopy's optical system to examine the bladder cavity, allowing you to assess the endometrial status and identify possible pathology and tumors; only if the acute phenomenon disappears;
• Cells and contracts using X-rays are X-ray examinations.

Laboratory research:

• General Urine Analysis - Check pH, white blood cell concentration, red blood cells, protein and urate levels;
• Study urine deposits for more accurate results;
• Baksev - Identify infectious pathogens;
• Tissue a biopsy, followed by histological examination;
• PCR Diagnosis - As effective as possible when identifying infections.

In some cases, a doctor may prescribe an analysis of blood biochemistry - which allows you to track the characteristics of body function as the concentration of the main electrolyte (potassium, sodium, calcium) changes and evaluate the activity of the enzyme system.

For women, it is important to have a gynecological examination of “female” inflammation, which is usually the cause or consequence of cystitis.

attention! Usually, inflammation of urea is a symptom of more serious diseases, so differential diagnosis is needed for tuberculosis, prostatitis (male), cancer tumors, etc.

What is the treatment?

The acute form of cystitis can easily enter chronic quickly, so it is important to respond correctly and correctly to the first sign of the disease.

attention! Usually, after the acute manifestation of the first symptom, inflammation is meaningless.This does not mean that the patient has recovered - the disease can be “underground” and requires a more thorough diagnosis of the body to identify hidden pathological processes.

Typically, the treatment is performed using a conservative approach.Using a competent approach, the results are advantageous.Surgical intervention is required only in state-of-the-art cases.

The main list of appointments:

• Drug treatment;
• Guarantee the regime;
• Rich drinks;
• Obey your diet.

Restoring bladder function in a chronic form was assigned a series of physical therapies.

Drug treatment:

• Antibiotics - In a chronic form, individual drug selection is performed based on Bakposev's results;
• Diuretics - Diuretics increase urine outflow, wash the pathogenic bacteria and reduce the concentration of irritating substances;
• Reflux;
• Vitamin preparation.

To prevent the pathogenic effects of large amounts of chemicals, the grade is mainly used for cystitis, mainly anti-inflammatory and diuretics: stubborn, ling fruit, kidney tea (bone), St. John Water, spray, spray, chamomile, chamomile, pusley.Pharmacy provides good results based on plant materials.

attention! Drinking alcohol for cystitis is definitely essential!The minimum volume of pure water is 2 liters.Recommended 2.5-3 liters.

Diet characteristics:

• Exclude all marinades, sharp spices, pickles, candies, smoked and fried foods, as well as alcohol, tea, coffee, sweet soda; dietary salt should be eliminated to a maximum (!);
• Reduce the amount of meat, fish, poultry, and especially fat varieties;
• Consumption of milk products in small quantities - low-fat cheese, yogurt, milk, low-fat and uncut cheese;
• Increase consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits (preference for watermelon and pumpkin);
• To prevent constipation in your diet, the content of bran, cereals and vegetable oils should be increased.

Characteristics of cystitis in pregnant women

Changing the hormonal background during pregnancy provides a prerequisite for work to suppress the immune system, which increases the risk of developing various inflammatory processes.Minimal hypothermia, slightly violating hygiene rules, and even common climate changes (which the body considers as stress) can cause inflammation of the bladder.

When a child carries a child, especially in the late stages of pregnancy, the increased bladder pressure in the uterus increases.On the one hand, this causes stagnation in the pelvic region, on the other hand, it helps the development of cystitis, and on the other hand, it aggravates its symptoms, especially:

• Increased frequency of urination;
• The bladder pressure feels constant and does not stop even after emptying.

Since most antibacterial agents are prohibited, it is difficult to treat during pregnancy - they can negatively affect the entire fetus' development.As an alternative, a drip method is used - direct introduction of locally acting isolation antibacterial agent into the bladder cavity.The procedure is performed in a hospital controlled by medical staff.

attention! Cystitis during pregnancy is dangerous due to its complications.During pregnancy, high load on the kidneys requires constant monitoring of the status of the urine system and emergency hospitalization as inflammation spreads to its upper department.

How to warn of this disease?

To prevent inflammatory processes in the urine system, the following rules are sufficient:

• Avoid low lower body temperature - do not sit on a cold surface and keep your legs warm.
• Exclude sharp and salty products from your diet.
• The focus of timely treatment of sexual infections and other inflammatory processes, including dental caries.
• Reject synthetic materials, especially the composition of underwear.Avoid wearing narrow and tightening the pelvis area.
• In the case of sitting work, please perform regular 10-15 minutes of rest time when warming up.
• Carefully observe the rules of personal hygiene (especially for women) - When washing and wiping after defecation, all movements should be directed toward the backward direction.Lower lingerie should be changed daily.During menstruation, it is necessary to replace as many washers and tampons as possible.
• Try to urinate on time - don't tolerate it when the first "natural call" - this will inspire urine to stagnate and stretch the walls of the bladder.Natural Veins - 5-6 times during the day.

Because of frequent recurrent cystitis for preventive purposes, you should drink a glass of cranberry juice every day - its obvious antibacterial properties will prevent the disease or significantly reduce the frequency of its performance.